Location
Česko > Plzeňský kraj > okres Plzeň-jih > Stod > Stod
Location Details: At the northern edge of the town, in the area between the railway tracks and Plzeňská Street
Coordinates
49.645834, 13.169174
Type
Obelisk, column, or pyramid, Memorial garden, grove or alley, Holocaust monument / memorial, Sculpture, symbolic, Sculpture, representational (non–human)
Location
Mass grave, Tree-lined path
Artist / Maker / Company
Západočeský průmysl kamene (Realization)
Textual Content
Dedication
Languages
Czech
Whom the Monument Commemorates
Victims of Fascism, Jewish victims
Victims of German fascism
Iconographical Subject
Chains, Thorn crown
Material
Granite, artificial stone, glass, bronze castings
Dimensions
Width: 50 cm
Height: 360 cm
Depth: 50 cm
Commissioned By
Union of Anti-Fascist Fighters, Stod Municipal National Committee
Dates
The site is dominated by a memorial approximately 360 cm high. Its lower plinth is built of smaller roughly worked blocks on which rests a smoother granite slab. On top of this slab stands a single large block of stone with a black glass plaque in front with a dedication in a gold majuscule script. The top part of the memorial consists of a pyramid approximately 200 cm high, made of artificial stone and decorated with a bronze sculpture in the shape of a crown of thorns with hanging shackles. The memorial stands in a paved area enclosed by a chain link fence. Four steps lead to the memorial. The area in front of the memorial is paved, illuminated and features benches. Access to the site is through the memorial avenue. The entrance is marked by a distinctive sign in Czech, German, French and Russian. There are also two plaques with detailed information in Czech about the events of the death transport, the exhumation of the victims and the establishment of the memorial.
NA PAMÁTKU
OBĚTEM
NĚMECKÉHO
FAŠISMU
In mid-April 1945, several death transports from the Flossenbürg and Buchenwald camps stopped at the railway station in Stod. No more information on the identity of the prisoners is known, as there is no known inventory of names of prisoners on these transports. The uniforms of the prisoners indicated a wide range of members of different nationalities: Czechs, Poles, French, Dutch, and American prisoners of war. On transports and death marches, however, it was common for prisoners to exchange clothing or wear shoes and uniforms left over from their deceased cellmates. It is therefore not even clear what percentage of the victims may have been Jews.
The lifeless bodies of the victims were unloaded from the wagons by the other prisoners on the orders of the guards and placed in a mass grave pit in the Jewish cemetery in Holýšov. In total, there were 250 victims. Testimony about these events was recorded by the local police station in its situation report.
After the end of World War II, a series of exhumations of the remains buried there were carried out in order to investigate the events in question and to give the victims a dignified burial. On 12 August 1945, on the initiative of the American military mission, the remains of nine American paratroopers were exhumed and transported from Stod to another location. On 6 and 7 September 1945, the other remains were exhumed from the mass grave in the Jewish cemetery in Holýšov. Local Germans who were accused of collaboration with Nazism were made to dig up the bodies. The exhumation of the bodies was led by doctor Vilém Řepka. The investigation concluded that most of the prisoners died of hunger and exhaustion. However, 31 beaten and 7 shot victims were also identified. On 9 September 1945, the remains were buried with honours in a common grave in a grove on the outskirts of the town by the railway tracks. Photographs of the ceremony have been preserved and are reproduced on the information board at the entrance to the site. A plain birch cross was erected on the site from September 1945 to 1960.
On 25 September 1960, the current memorial was unveiled at the site on the initiative of the Union of Anti-Fascist Fighters. A bronze memorial plaque depicting a concentration camp with barbed wire, a guard tower and murdered prisoners was set into the front of the object. The plaque also bore the inscription, "TO THE VICTIMS OF NACISM – APRIL 1945 PEOPLE, REMAIN VIGILANT", which was accompanied by Russian and French translations. According to the municipal chronicle, the memorial was made by the employees of the stone quarry in Kasejovice (West Bohemian Stone Industry). The metal elements (bronze plate, crown of thorns, shackles) were supplied by the foundrymen of the Pilsen Škoda Company.
The memorial unveiling was attended by the Minister of Health Josef Plojhar, the ambassadors of the German Democratic Republic and Poland, representatives of the Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, local political representatives and party officials. "The main speech at the ceremony was delivered by Dr. J Plojhar, Minister of Health. In his fiery and patriotic speech he remembered all the victims of the last war, condemned the Western powers for arming West Germany and stirring up the Cold War, and praised the efforts of the Soviet Union for peace, understanding and general disarmament."
The original memorial plaque was still part of the memorial in 2006. It was subsequently replaced by a plain black glass plaque. Unfortunately, it is not clear from the available documentation exactly when this was done. The site is currently freely accessible. Annual commemorative acts are held there as part of the Freedom Festival, which commemorates the liberation of the Pilsen region by the Allied forces.
State District Archive Pilsen-South, Chronicle of Stod, Unveiling of the memorial in the Grove of the Murdered, 25 September 1960, pp. 164–167, https://www.portafontium.eu/iipimage/30560383/soap-pj_00708_mesto-stod-1945-1967_0950
Luděk Hauptman, Háj umučených Stod, Stod 1985.
Luděk Hauptman, Stod : Stručné dějiny města, Stod 1997.
Jiří Jožák, Místa bojů a vítězství: Výběr památných míst protifašistického boje v českých zemích, Praha 1977, p. 20.
Lubomír Jungbauer, Květen 1945 ve Stodě, Stod 2008.
Irena Malá – Ludmila Kubátová, Pochody smrti, Praha 1965, pp. 181–182
https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=188SwrqUzAJY9n3A4AmG15VME41Y&ll=49.63506663706353%2C13.18429838708604&z=14
https://www.soudom-stod.cz/clanky-747.html#:~:text=Město%20Stod%20má%20na%20svém,kde%20je%20uloženo%20241%20obětí.
https://mks.mestostod.cz/vismo/galerie2.asp?id_org=100972&id_galerie=1179
https://www.mks.mestostod.cz/vismo/akce.asp?id_org=100972&id=1962&p1=1049
https://mks.mestostod.cz/gp/id_galerie=1103&p1=68
https://www.vojenskaturistika.cz/cesty-osvobozeni/stod
https://plzenoviny.cz/hruzy-druhe-svetove-valky-pribeh-nacistickeho-besneni-na-zapade-cech/?_zn=aWQ9ODY0NjMxOTkzMDIyMTI5OTgwfHQ9MTcxNjc1MzMxMS42Mjh8dGU9MTczNzMxODI1Mi4wMzR8Yz00OTNCMzE0RUM0NTU5NTQ0NTdENzIwRUQzMEE1Qzk1OQ%3D%3D
https://svetobeznik.info/stod-haj-umucenych-transport-smrti/?_zn=aWQ9ODY0NjMxOTkzMDIyMTI5OTgwfHQ9MTcxNjc1MzMxMS42Mjh8dGU9MTczNzAxNTU2MS4yNjZ8Yz01QzRDQ0ZDNzM0NDY0RTkzNTdBOTFBMjE5NkI1RDg4QQ%3D%3D
Jana Bukovská, detail of the original memorial plaque, photograph in the monument catalogue, 7 June 2006, https://iispp.npu.cz/mis_public/searchDocument.htm?search=id%3A%28188484+OR+1059136+OR+169156%29
Cultural Heritage Monument reg. No. ÚSKP 45598/4-480
https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/pravni-ochrana/haj-umucenych-158050
Zbyněk Tarant