CS / EN

Farewell, Terezín

Basic Information

Location
Česko > Ústecký kraj > okres Litoměřice > Terezín > Terezín
Location Details: At the site of the former Bohušovická Gate at the railway sidetrack from the station in Bohušovice nad Ohří to Terezín

Coordinates
50.507208, 14.149379

Type
Relief sculpture, representational, Wall plaque, exterior, Holocaust monument / memorial

Location
Ghetto

Artist / Maker / Company
Břetislav Benda (Sculpture)

Textual Content
Historical narrative

Languages
Czech

Whom the Monument Commemorates
Jewish victims, Victims of concentration camps

Victims of deportations and mass murders

Iconographical Subject
Human figure, Mourning tree

Material
Bronze

Dimensions
Width: 260 cm
Height: 88 cm
Depth: 8 cm

Commissioned By
National Committee of the City of Prague

Dates

1968 Design 1970 Construction 1988 June 28 Unveiling after 1988 Supplement

Description

The bronze horizontally oriented relief is composed of two panels. The first depicts eight figures, men, women and children, leaving and saying goodbye to the city. The figure of the boy in the middle of the group bears two symbols - the dehumanization of the Jews in the transport number and a prayer for the deceased Yizkor. The second panel depicts a mourning willow. The work is located in a brick wall that is part of the city's fortifications. A later installed text plaque is located on a concrete step with brick lining below the relief.

Inscription

V TĚCHTO MÍSTECH
NASTUPOVALY TISÍCE VĚZŇŮ
TEREZÍNSKÉHO GHETTA
SVOU POSLEDNÍ CESTU

History

The work was initiated by the Union of Anti-Fascist Fighters in 1968 to commemorate the memory of Prague's Jews and to mark the assembly place in Prague-Holešovice, as pointed out in the original dedication text: "From these places of the former Radiotrh, the Nazis dragged a total of 45 413 men, women and children to concentration and extermination camps between 1941 and 1945, 37 669 of whom did not return."
The sculptor Břetislav Benda (1897–1983) conceived the work as a panel triptych – a panel with an inscription and reliefs with figural and floral motifs. The installation of the sculpture, completed in 1970, was politically blocked for a long time, even after 1985, when the Prague Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia gave its approval for the unveiling.
On 28 June 1988, the Council of Jewish Religious Communities in the Czechoslovak Republic unveiled the reliefs (but not the plaque with the text) in Terezín by the railway sidetrack where the transports from the ghetto departed. The location was in line with the meaning of the work, since most transports from the Prague assembly area were heading to Terezín, and for most of the deportees the ghetto was only a temporary stay before further transports to the east. The unveiling took place as part of a peace event of the Jewish religious communities of Europe organized by the Council of Jewish Religious Communities. Subsequently, a new accompanying text plaque, which is not part of the original work, was made.
The site of the Prague-Holešovice assembly place had to wait for an installation of a relief until 1991 (See the database entry Memorial plaque to Jewish transports, Praha 7 – Holešovice.)

Sources

Archives

Archive of the Capital City of Prague, coll. Cultural Department of the National Committe of the Capital City of Prague 1949–1990.
Archive of the Capital City of Prague, coll. Art Council of the National Committee of the Capital City of Prague 1972–1991.
Archive of the Capital City of Prague, coll. Leadership meetings of Prague Municipal Committee 1963–1987.
Archive of the Capital City of Prague, coll. KSČ – Prague municipal committee, inv. No. 3169.
Terezín Memorial, photoarchive, inv. No. 4785.

Literature

Peter Hallama, Nationale Helden und jüdische Opfer: Tschechische Repräsentationen des Holocaust, Göttingen 2015, pp. 299–300, 312.
Helga Hošková-Weissová, Nikdo nás nečekal: Vzpomínky malířky, která přežila holocaust, Brno 2020, pp. 84–85.

Websites

Media

Josef Pašek, O mezinárodních pamětních dnes tentokrát netradičně, Tribuna III, 1971, No. 15, 14 April, p. 9.
Cítíme potřebu povědět pravdu: stanovisko Rady židovských náboženských obcí v České socialistické republice, Rudé právo LXVIII, 1987, No. 277, 25 November, p. 2.
Aktuality: Mezinárodní sympozium druhé mírové aktivity, Věstník Židovských náboženských obcí v Československu L, 1988, No. 8, p. 2.
Tragédie Židů v čs. poválečné skutečnosti (Dokument Charty 77, č. 28/89), Informace o Chartě 77 XII, 1989, No. 8, 13 April, p. 5.

Other

A few comments on Charter 77 document 28/89 of 5 April 1989 The Tragedy of the Jews in Czechoslovak post-war reality, http://www.csds.cz/cs/g6/4098-DS.html

Entry Author

Markéta Devátá