CS / EN

Jewish Memorial, Černovice

Basic Information

Location
Česko > Kraj Vysočina > okres Pelhřimov > Černovice > Černovice u Tábora
Location Details: 9 Vodní Street, Jewish cemetery

Coordinates
49.380489, 14.959330

Type
Holocaust monument / memorial, Memorial garden, grove or alley, Memorial room, art installation, Rock, large stone or boulder, Upright stele or slab, Wall plaque, exterior

Location
Cemetery, Tree-lined path

Artist / Maker / Company
Michael Deiml (Design)

Textual Content
Dedication, List of survivors, List of victims

Languages
Czech

Whom the Monument Commemorates
Jewish victims, Victims of concentration camps

Jewish Holocaust victims and survivors from Černovice

Iconographical Subject
Magen David, Gravestone

Material
Stone, glass

Dimensions
Height: 240 cm

Commissioned By
Sculptor Michael Deiml and the Jewish Memorial in Černovice

Dates

2002 November 10 Unveiling 2024 August 11 Supplement

Description

The memorial site consists of a path lined with stones called the Path of Memory, which is complemented by a documentary exhibition in the former morgue of the Jewish cemetery. The Path of Memory begins with a menhir on which a dedicatory inscription is engraved on a mirror plaque under the Magen David symbol. Other irregularly shaped stones, bearing mirror plaques with the names of individual Černovice Jews and their short biographical data, are arranged along the path. A total of 49 memorial stones dedicated to those who did not survive the Nazi persecution are placed on the left side going from the road to the cemetery. On the right side there are 12 stones, 11 of which belong to those who have returned alive from the concentration camps, and one stone remains without an inscription for those whose fate is unknown even after extensive research. Like the other stones, this last one reflects the sky, but if viewed from the right angle, the visitor may encounter his or her own reflection. The arrangement of the stones on two sides serves to show the ratio between the dead and the survivors. It is also reminiscent of the selection ramp that all prisoners passed through in the Auschwitz concentration camp, where most of the Jews of Černovice were murdered.
The exhibition in the former mortuary contains texts, photographs and documents about the fate of the Jewish Community and its members in Černovice. It also provides a brief overview of Jewish history from biblical times to the present day. In the centre of the room is a charred and split tree trunk representing an artistic depiction of the Holocaust. In the ground beneath it is an urn containing ashes and fragments from the Auschwitz crematoria, which were demolished by the Nazis before the arrival of the Red Army. These fragments were brought back from Auschwitz by a Černovice survivor and in the exhibition they embody a fraction of reality and the sad history.

Inscription

(Menhir)

Památce
židovských obětí
z
Černovic
v době
nacistické okupace
v letech 1939–1945

History

The history of the Jewish settlement in Černovice began in the 16th century. Gradually number of its inhabitants increased to 138 families, which were recorded living in the town in the 1880s. In the 20th century, the local Jewish community dwindled, and in 1942 the last ten families remained in Černovice. Among them were the grandparents of the Swiss sociologist Michal Arend, who initiated the establishment of the Jewish Memorial in Černovice.
The artistic design of the memorial was created by Michael Deiml (*1949), a German sculptor born in Prague. The memorial was placed in the immediate vicinity of the Jewish cemetery, located approximately 500 m north the town. The cemetery was severely damaged after World War II and was restored together with the original mortuary only in the late 1990s. The memorial consists of two parts. The first is a memorial path leading to the Jewish cemetery and the second is a permanent exhibition in the former mortuary, which is dedicated to the history of the Jewish community in Černovice. The idea of creating the Path of Memory, leading to the cemetery entrance, relates to the history of the place, because it also resembles the former path that the Jewish mourning community had walked for centuries. As a new element in the present day, the path symbolizes a bridge in time between the past, present and future. It carries the memory of those who were murdered by the Nazis, as well as those who, for decades after their liberation from the concentration camps, suffered the consequences of the torture they endured and the loss of their loved ones. This concept, which includes a commemoration of survivors, distinguishes the Černovice memorial from most memorials dedicated to Holocaust victims.
The memorial was unveiled on 10 November 2002, on the 60th anniversary of the deportation of the Jews of Černovice to the concentration and extermination camps. First, 53 stones were unveiled in the presence of relatives of the victims and the public. The name and a brief biography of the deceased were read out for each of them. The ceremony was attended by representatives of the German Embassy in Prague, members of the Jewish Community in Prague and the then Ambassador of the State of Israel. Since 2002, information about other victims from Černovice has been found in the archives, so the number of stones has increased. The newest memorial stone is dedicated to Alfred Teller, who was the last living Holocaust survivor in Černovice. Its unveiling took place on 11 August 2024 on Jewish Memorial Day.
The creation of the memorial received financial support from the Czech-German Future Fund in the amount of CZK 350,000.
The names of those who died are: Max Pešek, Max Mautner, Arnold Benesch, Filip Neumann, Eduard Synek, Emil Teller, Rudolf Schneider, Vilém Nagelstock, Pavlína and Josef Vogel, Anna, František and Ota Vesecký, Hedwig Weinsteinová, nee Windová, Hermína Lustigová, nee Metzlová, Robert and Gabriela Laš, Rudolf, Vally, Otto and Victor Lederer, Emil, Elsa and Vera Metzl, Anna Glücková, nee Pragerová, Oskar, Erwin and Rosa Winter, Zikmund, Martha and Emilie Kohn, Emma Hahnová, nee Arnsteinová, Clara Oppenheimerová, nee Arnsteinová, Olga, Arthur, Otilie, Ota, Henry, Rose, Lilly and Hana Winternitz.
The names of the survivors are: Marta Fokshanerová, nee Windová, Ida Windová, nee Ledererová, Olga Krausová, nee Windová, Karla Windová, Ota Laš, Viktor Laš, Zikmund Laš, Marta Kottová, nee Lašová, Eduard Kohn, Alfréd Teller, Helena Weinerová, nee Winternitzová.

Sources

Literature

Blanka Rozkošná – Pavel Jakubec, Židovské památky Čech, Brno 2004.
Michael Deiml, Židovský Památník Černovice, Černovice 2012.

Websites

Media

More photos

Entry Author

Zuzana Duchková