Location
Česko > Moravskoslezský kraj > okres Bruntál > Krnov > Krnov-Horní Předměstí
Location Details: Synagogue garden
Coordinates
50.089996, 17.707310
Type
Memorial room, art installation, Holocaust monument / memorial
Location
Synagogue (active)
Whom the Monument Commemorates
Jewish victims, Victims of World War I and II, Victims of concentration camps, Death transports
Residents who had to leave Krnov
Material
Wood, metal
Dimensions
Width: 1580 cm
Height: 386 cm
Depth: 310 cm
Commissioned By
Society at the Synagogue, Jan Stejskal
Dates
The wagon is located in the garden of the Krnov synagogue, which is surrounded by a fence. The carriage stands on a short segment of the train track and its dominant colour is dark green. This car was manufactured in 1952 by PAFAWAG Wroclaw for the Czechoslovak Railways. There it was assigned to the 23rd carriage group as the Zt series. Czechoslovak Railways bought several thousand of these cars. They were intended primarily for the transport of piece shipments and were used by Czechoslovak Railways until the early 1990s.
A Jewish community lived in the town from the 14th to the 16th century and was restored in the 19th century. In 1877, an independent Jewish community was established, which was restored after World War II, but it was dissolved in the 1950s.
The empty freight wagon is a symbolic reminder of the local residents who had to leave Krnov during the 20th century. Most people left by rail, which is why this form of memorial was chosen. Among the groups affected in various historical circumstances were Jews, Silesians, Czechs, Austrians, Germans or Greeks.
After its decommissioning in the 1990s, this particular carriage was still in use as a service car of the Opava depot in Ostrava. It was probably used as a mobile material warehouse. The wagon was bought from Czech Railways in 2020 and later transported to Krnov, where it was parked at the station for a long time. It is still undergoing a thorough restoration.
The wagon serves as a so-called counter-monument, which is a new, alternative form of memorial. The carriage is an installation in itself. It does not have any plaque or information board, it is only meant to lead to reflection on how it came to be in place and what its purpose is. In the future, the plan is to use the wagon as a small space for exhibitions or a stage for smaller music or community events. Behind the creation of this memorial is the Society at the Synagogue, which runs the synagogue in Krnov in cooperation with the Federation of Jewish Communities, the owner of the building.
There used to be a memorial plaque on the facade of the synagogue, which bore the inscription "This building served as a synagogue for citizens of Jewish origin before World War II, the vast majority of whom perished in the Nazi concentration camps 1939–1945". It was installed in 1962 by the Jewish Community of Olomouc and was removed during the reconstruction in 2010–2013. The plaque was damaged and its text was deemed outdated, so it was not reinstalled. Its text referred to the use of the building as a synagogue in the past tense, but the building was again used for religious purposes. Also, the wording about the majority of the local Jewish community perishing in the concentration camps did not accurately portray the reality in Krnov. The proportion of Holocaust survivors was higher in the Jewish community of Krnov than in most other localities in the present Czech Republic, because its members had to a greater extent saved themselves by fleeing to safer countries. At the same time, it was decided that the synagogue would be restored to its 1938 historical appearance, i.e. without later elements, including the memorial plaque.
There is a stone with a memorial plaque at the site, which commemorates one of the many historical events in which some of the town's residents had to leave. In this case, it is June 1945 and the associated deportation of the Germans.
Jaroslav Klenovský, Encyklopedie židovských památek Moravy a Slezska, Praha 2018, pp. 150–152.
Tereza Veselá