Location
Česko > Karlovarský kraj > okres Karlovy Vary > Březová > Březová
Location Details: Hamerská Street, 20 m north of the municipal office
Coordinates
50.198000, 12.871300
Type
Holocaust monument / memorial, Upright stele or slab
Location
Public street or square, Municipal office, town hall
Textual Content
Dedication
Languages
Czech
Whom the Monument Commemorates
Victims of World War II, Victims of Nazism, Jewish victims
Victims of the death march that passed through Březová in the spring of 1945
Material
Granite
Dimensions
Width: 75 cm
Height: 190 cm
Depth: 40 cm
Commissioned By
Municipal National Committee of Karlovy Vary
Dates
The monument is situated on the right bank of the Teplá River, close to the local municipal office. The monument consists of a roughly worked granite stele resting on a rough rectangular plinth. A memorial plaque of polished dark granite is set into the face of the stele. The plaque bears a centrally aligned majuscule inscription in light colour. Concrete tiles are laid around the monument, followed by concrete paving in front. A pair of massive granite flower pots is placed in front of the monument. Just behind the monument a hedge of white-cedar forms a semicircle.
NA PAMĚŤ
OBĚTEM POCHODU SMRTI
1945
VÁM PATŘÍ NAŠE ÚCTA
ZEMŘELI JSTE,
ABYCHOM MY MOHLI ŽÍT
In April 1945, a death march from Johanngeorgenstadt, a sub-camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp, passed through the village. On 16 April 1945, a total of 822 prisoners left Johanngeorgenstadt in a train transport headed for Terezín. These were mainly political prisoners of various nationalities, for example Polish, Czechoslovak, Hungarian and French. Many of them were people of Jewish origin. Many Soviet prisoners of war were also included in the transport. Due to the bombing of Karlovy Vary, the transport ended up at the station in Nová Role. From there the prisoners had to walk. They continued to the railway station Březová near Karlovy Vary, where 205 prisoners died (of whom 28 were women and one two-month-old child). The dead were taken away and buried in a mass grave in several layers on top of each other in the Jewish cemetery in Drahovice, a district of Karlovy Vary. The march then continued along the Teplá River to Teplička, where 15 more prisoners perished (see the database entry Monument to the victims of a death march, Teplička) and on to Andělská Hora and Bochov. After all the hardships, only 28 prisoners arrived in Terezín on 6 May 1945.
On 29 June 1945, the mass grave in the Karlovy Vary Jewish cemetery was exhumed and the remains of the prisoners were examined. On 2 July 1945, the remains of the victims were placed in a common grave in the neighbouring town (Christian) cemetery. A monument was erected at the grave soon afterwards.
More similar marches passed through the village of Březová. For example, it was an evacuation death transport from the concentration camp in Nová Role. This camp was a sub-camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp and during April 1945 several transports arrived there from camps in the territory of present-day Germany, which were cleared out. The women prisoners from the transport from Nová Role had to get off at the station in Březová on 23 April 1945 and continue on foot. It is not known whether anyone from this transport died directly in Březová.
The monument to the victims of the death march was probably built between 1945 and 1948. Unlike many other monuments to the victims of death marches and transports, this object does not serve as a tombstone, but solely as a reminder of the heroism and suffering of the victims.
Prague National Archives, coll. Occupation prison files – concentration camps, death marches, box 717–719, inv. No. 3734–3767.
State District Archive in Karlovy Vary, coll. Municipal National Committee of Karlovy Vary (1948, 1954–1970), box 506, inv. No. 1255.
Jiří Padevět, Krvavé finále: Jaro 1945 v českých zemích, Praha 2015, p. 209, 286.
Vojtěch Laštovka – Václav Němec – Rudolf Stránský, Hrdinové protifašistického odboje, Plzeň 1986, p. 165, 193, 197, 208.
Pochody smrti na území Karlovarska, Karlovy Vary 1983.
Dagmar Holá, Pochody smrti přes Karlovarsko, in: Sborník k dějinám dělnického hnutí a KSČ na Karlovarsku, Karlovy Vary 1978, pp. 169–188.
Irena Malá – Ludmila Kubátová, Pochody smrti, Praha 1965.
Vladimír Bružeňák, Ve stínu Krušných hor: Z historie poboček koncentračního tábora Flossenbürg na Karlovarsku a Sokolovsku (Svatava, Kraslice, Nová Role, Ostrov a Korunní) a pochodů smrti, Cheb 2015, pp. 216–230.
Masové hroby v západních Čechách, Karlovarské národní noviny – deník Národní fronty, 1945, No. 35, 29 June.
Karlovarsko pochovávalo hrdiny, Karlovarské národní noviny – deník Národní fronty, 1945, No. 38, 3 July, p. 1.
Počet obětí nacistického lžisocialismu v Karlových Varech, Právo lidu XLVIII, 1945, No. 44, 3 July
Jana Oberreiterová